希拉里·克林頓發布了名為Getting Started的宣傳視頻，宣布參加2016年美國總統大選。自8年前首次參選美國總統以來，希拉里的領導力已在多方面變得更爐火純青。有一部分要歸功於時間，而另一部分則源於希拉里對自身弱項的刻意訓練。今天就來看看希拉里已經具備了哪些競選法寶：
Hillary Clinton's announcement on Sunday that she will seek the presidency for a second time centered on helping the middle class prosper and described herself as a 'tenacious fighter,' able to get the job done. The theme and characterization are the same to when she announced her first run for president 8 years ago. But beyond that, there are significant differences. Hillary today is a better communicator with a better message, in a better environment, although there's room for improvement in a couple of areas.
希拉里•克林頓宣布將第二次競選美國總統，本次競選綱領的核心是幫助中產階層走向繁榮，她自稱為一個“頑強的鬥士”，必能完成使命。這個宣傳口號和八年前希拉里首次參選時別無二致。但是除此之外，有很多方面都發生了重大的變化。今時今日，希拉里已成為一個更好的溝通者，她傳達出一個更美好的理念，而且其身處的競選環境儘管個別領域還待改善，但現在也比過去好多了。
Clinton has always had good executive presence — certainly since I interviewed her in the 1990s and saw her on her listening tour before her run for the US Senate in 2000. After viewing dozens of tapes of her over the past decade, it has improved. Executive presence is essential for leaders — what is it? It's that special mix of gravitas; how you come across; how you communicate; how you speak and appear; how you look.
上世紀90年代，我曾採訪過希拉里，2000年在她競選參議員前的傾聽之旅中我也見過她，希拉里一直很有領袖氣質。看了十幾盤過去10年她的錄像帶後，我覺得希拉里的領導風範在提升。對領導者來說，領袖氣質是必不可少的。那麼什麼是領袖氣質呢？那是一種莊嚴得體的氣場；待人接物，與人溝通，言談舉止，以及外表都包含在內。
We look at three measures of executive presence, and how Clinton stacks up on each today versus her last run for the White House in 2008.
我們就從衡量領袖氣質的三個標准入手，來看看今天的希拉里和2008年她競選總統時分別有了哪些長足的進步。
Gravitas
舉止莊嚴
Studies show gravitas is the most important ingredient for any leader. It involves the appearance of having confidence — key to winning others' confidence. Gravitas also involves the ability to show "grace under fire." The latter has been more of a problem for Clinton . In her first run for the White House, she appeared confident but edgier than today, more desperate to have the final word. When battered with questions on her record (for instance, her 2008 interview with journalist Tim Russert) she often interrupted and appeared aggressive and angry. Back then she no doubt had people cautioning her to lighten up and laugh more. So she often came out with a loud laugh dubbed a cackle by detractors that seemed misplaced and inauthentic.
研究顯示，舉止莊嚴是所有領導者最重要的素質。它包括外表充滿自信——這是讓別人對你有信心的關鍵。還包括“受到攻擊和批評時展現出優雅姿態”的能力。對希拉里來說，後者一直有些問題。第一次參加總統大選時，她表現得很有信心，但比現在急躁，在辯論中更咄咄逼人。如果有人用過往經歷刺激她(比如2008年記者蒂姆•魯賽特對她的採訪)，她經常會打斷對方，氣勢洶洶又惱怒。當時她身邊應該有人在提醒她要放輕鬆，多笑一笑。所以她經常放聲大笑，但攻擊者戲稱為“咯咯笑”，說她笑得不合時宜而且虛情假意。
Reacting poorly to reporters' tough, prolonged questioning is hardly peculiar to Clinton. Witness Rand Paul's recent tirade at a couple of female reporters, even shushing one mid question. But like it or not, it can affect one's like-ability factor, especially for women. On this score, Clinton has improved over the years. When challenged over her emails recently she looked irritated like she shouldn't have to answer. She has to watch that. If there is a chorus wanting an answer she has to respect that . Still, she waited for questions to be asked, and calmly, firmly responded, with occasional smiles but no guffaws.
說起回答記者冗長尖銳的問題時表現不佳，還真不止希拉里一個人。共和黨方面的候選人蘭德•保羅最近就和幾位女記者發生了言語衝突，甚至在其中一位記者提問時讓她“住嘴”。無論你喜不喜歡，但這會影響一個人的受歡迎程度，尤其是受女性歡迎的程度。就這一點而言，希拉里這幾年已取得進步。當有人就最近的電郵事件向她發難時，希拉里看起來像被激怒了，好像在說這個問題沒必要回答。但她意識到了應該注意這一點。如果人們都想知道答案，她就必須尊重這種需求。這次她等著別人問完問題，回答得鎮定而堅決，偶爾露出笑容但沒有大笑。
Communication
溝通力
Communication is the second most important quality in executive presence. It involves connecting to people with what you say and how you say it. Hilary's message in 2008 was focused on strength and fitness. Close advisers later acknowledged she should have done more to connect emotionally. There is no doubt she will try to do that this time, and it should be easier for several reasons.
溝通力是領袖氣質中第二重要的品質。它包括向別人傳達什麼信息以及如何傳達。2008年，希拉里重點強調自己的優勢以及她為何是合適人選。她的貼身顧問後來承認，希拉里應該在情感溝通方面下更多力氣。這次她肯定會加強情感交流，而且這事應該不難，具體來說有幾個原因。
First, she has less to prove and more muted enemies. Having been US Secretary of State is huge and most agree she did a fine job on the world stage. Secondly, as she is more confident, she is more relaxed and has become more spontaneous . At a recent interview at Google headquarters, she noticed someone fall ill in the back, and she noted it on stage trying to ensure the person got help. Unscripted kindness is worth dozens of handshakes.
首先，她要證明的東西少了，反對者也沒那麼多話可說。擔任國務卿這一要職對她來說意義重大，而且多數人都認為她在國際舞台上表現良好。其次，由於她更有自信，更加放鬆和自然。最近在谷歌總部接受采訪時，她發現身後有人生病了，雖然身在台上，她還是立刻提出並堅持讓那人去看病。這種突發情況下表露出善良，抵得上跟人握幾十次手。
And finally, there is Charlotte, her granddaughter. In 2008, Hillary rarely mentioned motherhood or family. The New York Times recently reported Hillary had hired a new coach to get her beyond how Obama characterized her in 2008 , “just likable enough.” Critics now expect to see and hear a grandmother's perspective and the importance of shaping the future for generations to come.
最後，希拉里有了外孫女夏洛特。2008年時，她很少提到母親身份或者家庭。當時奧巴馬對希拉里的描述是“還算討人喜歡”，《紐約時報》最近報導稱，希拉里聘請了一位教練訓練自己，打算提高親和力。目前，評論期待她站在一位祖母的立場上發表某些觀點，聽她講述為後代塑造未來的重要性。
Appearance
外表
Appearance is a small but important part of executive presence and this is an area where Clinton has an edge over her first run. Comparing anyone from almost a decade earlier will yield softer facial lines, and a more rounded figure. While unwelcome for most of us baby boomers, it could be a boon to Hillary who is looking to literally soften her image. Who knows what a new value placed on a few gray hairs on a woman will do for all of us.
外表是構成領袖氣質的很小但很重要的一部分。這方面，希拉里比首次參加競選時優勢更明顯。時間過去近10年，她的面部曲線變得更柔和，體態也有些發福。對我們這代上了年紀的人來說，老去的現實自然沒人樂意接受，但對希拉里來說，伴隨著衰老而變柔和的形像或許是件好事。有誰知道一位女士的幾根白髮會帶來什麼樣的新價值？又有誰知道這樣的價值對所有美國選民有什麼影響呢？
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