New research suggests that there is a direct biological link between being lonely and ill health, the LiveScience website reported.
一項新研究顯示，孤獨和健康不佳之間存在直接生理連繫，據「Live Science」網站報導。
John Cacioppo of University of Chicago has found that loneliness is tied to hardening of the arteries, inflammation in the body, and even problems with learning and memory.
芝加哥大學的約翰．卡喬波發現，孤獨可引起動脈硬化、身體發炎，甚至產生學習和記憶問題。
In one study, Cacioppo and Steve Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, （UCLA）observed a change in the immune system of socially isolated people.
在一項研究中，卡喬波和加州大學洛杉磯分校的史蒂夫．柯爾觀察社會孤立人士免疫系統產生的變化。
"What we see is a consistent pattern where it looks like human immune cells are programmed with a defensive strategy that gets activated in lonely people," Cole said. The result is that a lonely person’s body has let its defenses down to viral and other invaders.
「我們觀察到一種一貫模式：人體免疫細胞看起來像被設定一套防禦策略，這套策略在孤獨人士身上被啟動」，柯爾說。其結果是孤獨人士身體降低了對病毒及其他入侵物的防禦力。
In addition, loneliness can destroy the quality of sleep, so that a person’s sleep is less restorative, both physically and psychologically.
此外，孤獨還可降低睡眠品質，導致個人睡眠的身心恢復功能減弱。
新聞辭典
inflammation：名詞，發炎。例句：Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation.（阿斯匹靈減輕疼痛與發炎。）
consistent：形容詞，一致的、相符的。例句：The two statements are not consistent.（這兩篇聲明並不一致。）
restorative：形容詞，具恢復效果的。例句： Nature has an exhilarative and restorative effect. （大自然具有使人暢快並恢復體力的效果。）
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